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1. Working principle of turbojet engine
The core working principle of both turbojet and turbofan engines is to generate thrust by inhaling air, compressing, and burning high-speed airflow. However, the key difference is that turbofan engines have an external duct that allows some air to be directly ejected without passing through the combustion chamber, resulting in higher efficiency, lower fuel consumption, and less noise during subsonic flight.
1. Core working principle (commonality) Both engines belong to gas turbine engines, and the working process of their core engine is completely identical, following the Brayton cycle of "intake compression combustion exhaust".
. 1. The fan or compressor at the front end of the intake engine rotates, drawing a large amount of air into the interior of the engine.2. Compression: The air drawn in passes through multi-stage compressor blades and is severely compressed, causing a significant increase in pressure and temperature. High pressure air is the foundation of efficient combustion
3. Combustion: High pressure air enters the combustion chamber (Combustor), mixes with injected aviation kerosene, and ignites, instantly producing gas with extremely high temperature and pressure
4. Exhaust: The high-temperature and high-pressure gas flows backwards at high speed through the turbine blades, driving the turbine to rotate at high speed. The turbine and the preceding compressor are located on the same shaft, which drives the compressor to continue working. Finally, the gas is sprayed out at an extremely high speed through the nozzle, generating a forward reaction force, known as thrust, according to Newtons third law.
2. Core difference (uni
2. Turbofan engine * Core Flow: A portion of the air flows into the core engine like a vortex jet to participate in combustion, known as the internal airflow. *Bypass Flow: The air drawn in by the front-end fan mostly bypasses the core unit and accelerates backwards through the channel between the casing and the core unit (i.e. bypass flow), generating thrust. This part of the air is only accelerated by the fan and has a lower temperature.
III. Key performance parameters: Bypass Ratio. Bypass Ratio refers to the ratio of the air flow through the outer bypass to the air flow through the inner bypass.
. This is the core indicator for distinguishing contemporary turbofan engine categories: * Low bypass ratio turbofan: commonly used in fighter jets and supersonic aircraft. The culvert ratio is generally between 0.3:1 and 1:1, and the outer culvert is thinner in appearance, closer to a vortex jet, suitable for high-speed flight. *High bypass ratio turbofan: the absolute mainstream of contemporary passenger aircraft (such as Boeing 737, Airbus A320, etc.). The culvert ratio can reach 5:1 or even 12:1 or more, with a huge front fan and nacelle. About 80% of its thrust comes from the cold air in the outer d
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